What Do People In The Petroleum Institute Know About Global Climate - 825 Words

What Do People In The Petroleum Institute Know About Global Climate Change? (Essay Sample) Content: ProposalWhat do people in The Petroleum Institute know about global climate change?Literature Review:Our literature review seeks to have an understanding of the amount and type of information that the Petroleum Institute has in regard to global climate change. The literature review will specifically focus on available information in regard to four climate change themes namely; causes of climate change, its impact on human health, solutions and public views on climate change.Causes of Climate ChangeRecent emission of greenhouse gases has been the highest in human history, which is a clear pointer that human activities have an influence on climate change [1]. Greenhouse gases such as carbon II oxide and methane have been gradually accumulating in the atmosphere as a result of an increase in industrial activity and human population. These gases lead to an increase in the temperatures on the earths surface which is referred to as global warming. Biello and Melisa [2, 3] a lso agree that climate change is mainly caused by the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Climate change can occur as a result of natural changes over thousands of years [4]. The article gives an analysis on how permanent changes in weather patterns can lead to climate change as it happened with the case of Sahara desert which was inhabited thousands of years ago. The rate at which climate change is happening in the modern days is what raises concern.Impact of Climate Change on Human HealthThe effect of climate change on human health comes as a result of the changes that the climate change has on the disease vectors [5]. The researchers found out that climate change affects the life cycle of the disease pathogens in regard to their development, survival, and interaction with humans. Climate change makes it difficult to predict the impact of disease pathogens on humans due to the shift in several climate variables that come with climate change [5]. The study [6] explo res the effect of climate change on costs associated with diseases such as malaria and the impact that rise in these costs will have on the achievement of MDGs. The analysis found out that there are inadequate studies that measure the estimated rise in health costs. Currently, the MDGs are already short of the set budget and continued change in climate will further make the achievement of MDGs more difficult due to an increase in the costs required to address diseases.Solutions for Climate ChangeAmong the solutions that can help mitigate climate change include foregoing fossil fuels, upgrading infrastructure to more modern structures that are environment-friendly, reduce the need for transportation, consume less, eliminate the need to cut trees and investing in renewable future energy [2]. Though the impact of one individual may be negligible in trying to reverse climate change, the authors of the article argue that a combination of efforts by nations and individuals will significan tly reduce the emission of greenhouse gases to safe levels. Melissa [3] also offers simple acts that individuals can take towards stopping global warming. She starts with encouraging people to speak to their families and friends about global warming and how to make wise decisions that do not worsen the situation. Though the suggestions by Melissa are simply phrased, they are largely similar to the suggestions given by Biello. For example, when Melisa writes about maintaining a ride, she has the same meaning with reducing the need for transportation. IPCC [1] summarizes these steps by recommending adoption of sustainable development.Public Views on Climate ChangeIn a survey conducted by Bostrom [7], it was found out that the lay people had varying misconceptions on the causes and effects of climate change. Among the misconceptions that the respondents gave were; climate change is caused by an increase in ultraviolet rays into the earths atmosphere and that greenhouse effect is a phen omenon that leads to steaming of the earth. The respondents also lacked knowledge on the extent that each of the causes of global warming has on the climate change. Also in an effort to understand public views on climate change Lorenzoni [8], conducted a review of the major studies that pointed out to public views in the EU and the US on climate change. The analysis found out that there was a large similarity on public opinion on climate change from across the US and the EU. First, there is high-level awareness of climate change but the public attaches more importance to personal affairs than climate change. Just like Bostrom found out, however, there is a low level of understanding of the causes and solutions to climate change. In both the studies also, the public acknowledges the risks associated with climate change and their willingness to take co...

Reasons For The Year / 08 Deepened Financial Crisis Of The...

Explain the reasons for the 2007/08 deepened financial crisis in the European Union (EU) and critically assess its response to its crisis. Introduction As a whole, the regulation of banking institutions and financial markets are considered as a debatable issue. Banking is considerably the most deeply regulated industry within the financial sector which is also one of the heavily regulated sectors in the economy. Many financial systems are disposed to periods of lack of stability. However, in the result of the crisis of 2007, in the approaching years the financial regulatory authority has reflected on how to approach the supervision and financial regulation. I am going to discuss the reasons for the deepened financial crisis that occurred†¦show more content†¦When financial markets fail to work effectively, it causes contractions in economic activity. (Mishkin et al., 2013). Casu et al. (2006) say that in recent years, many financial crisis around the world have carried about a large number of bank failures which led to agreements for more effective regulation and supervision. Whereas some blame crisis for failure in regulation. Activists of ‘free banking’ argue that the financial sector would work better without regulation, supervision and central banking. (Casu et al., 2006) Financial crisis usually would occur due to banks creating too much money, too quickly and using it to push up house prices and speculating on financial markets. This is exactly what happened which caused the 2008 crisis as mortgage brokers got bonuses for lending out more money but that encouraged them to make risky loans which hurts profits in the end. This led to moral hazard, when one person takes on more risk because someone else bears the burden of that risk. Banks and lenders were willing to lend to subprime borrowers, those with poor credit history, because they plan to sell the mortgages to somebody else. Once banks started to notice that subprime loans were defaulting, they started seeing trouble meaning that they had to then worry about housing market prices as it was never an issue before. (DeGrace, 2011) People thought they would pass the risk of the line. Going back to moral hazard, the

Flashlight free essay sample

My only source of light I had was a flashlight clutched in my small hands, flicking around the pink tent in which I was holed up inside. I heard a small ruffling coming from outside the tent and I jumped, facing the flashlight towards the sound. It was only my small teddy bear, falling over on its side. I sighed a breath of relief and turned my flashlight from Beary Johnson, only to hit a dark figure outside my tent. I let out a shriek and covered my head with my arms, the flashlight flinging from my hand. There was a loud laugh and the sound of my tent being unzipped, â€Å"Tay, it’s only me.† I looked up warily to see only my dad’s head through the tent. I rubbed the tears out of my eyes and crawled to him and he swooped me up into his arms. â€Å"I would never let a scary old monster snatch you,† he said, carrying me to the couch, â€Å"That’s my job. We will write a custom essay sample on Flashlight or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † He suddenly began tickling me with a fake monster voice and I was laughing to the point I was crying. I remember those summers spent with my dad, running around the house, screeching blissfully as he chased me around the sharp corners and watching Jumanji for the third time in a row that day. Those were times I cherished greatly; leaving Virginia and my mom for a summer full of fun and excitement. My dad spoiled me beyond my greatest 5-year-old dreams. We would go to water parks, get soft serve every day, go shopping for whatever I wanted needless to say, I loved summer. And after my summer with my dad was well spent, I would return back to my mom. I would always be able to adjust easily, flowing comfortably back and forth between parents, just knowing that I had both of them. When anyone asked where my home was, I always had two answers for them. My parents separation had become as normal for me as a fluffy multi-layered pink and black Hello Kitty skirt with matching knee-high Hello Kitty socks and light-up sketchers. It was my routine. But it was the summer of 2011 my schedule was flipped upside down and I never returned to Virginia at the end of the summer. Being kept from returning to Virginia forced me to grow up. I learned that life wouldn’t always cater to me. I was scared beyond belief that my entire world was turning on its axis, that everything I had come to know was crumbling all around me. It was an extremely hard time for me, learning to adjust to a new life, and going to a school where I knew no one. I spent every night calling my mom on the phone, asking her when I would see her again, tears running down my face. It took me some time to get used to living in Florida. I met tons of people, I stepped out of my boundaries and did things I was never able to do in Virginia. I roller skated with my friends and had grand birthday parties I had once dreamed about. While I missed Virginia and my mom, I adjusted to life in Florida and overcame my sadness and fear. It was a huge change and hadn’t come to me easy, but it helped me become the person I am today.

The Island of Crimea Review Essay Example

The Island of Crimea Review Paper Essay on The Island of Crimea To my great surprise and shame, I found that in general do not know anything about the fate of the so-called Island of Crimea (OK), where at one time hid the remnants of the White Army, which preserved a shaky independence of any State. So I can not tell you how truthful Aksenov, telling his story of a dashing, as it is adequately and accurately describes the events, taking into account that the main character becomes a significant personality in the history of OK. I had to take his word. The book reads quickly, easily and never gets stuck)) Of course, something with which the ideas in the novel can be argued (in particular, reading the article the main character of Stalin, I dropped out in sediment from extremism Go to IV may be treated differently but sO ?! however, it is not so important), but in general, the novel made a good impression as the plot of his, and the subtext. It is the author of some of the sketches failed bytovuhi. About a drunken old man who became attached to the young man in the street because he sniffed at the empty shelves in the store. And because they all are! All right! And makaronki here! And the sardines! Or about the election, when people queued from early in the morning before the opening of polling stations rose to be the first to vote for a single party. Chertyaka Aksenov, an ulcer that has)) We will write a custom essay sample on The Island of Crimea Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Island of Crimea Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Island of Crimea Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The book is at all surprisingly varied here and farce (described sauna sessions) and drama (family relations of heroes), and frivolous novel (main character sex almost ezhenochno and often with a different partner Sometimes it is not the same Sometimes it is not only a partner), and comedy (domestic sketches) and tragedy (end OK), and the absurd and surreal true (adventure Tatiana Lunina after escaping from the airport) -.. it all mixed up in a sharp little mix. Very spicy. Sauce with spices. It seems that too many things to go well? But no! All very well, naturally and safely digest. And it seems that all the ingredients are familiar, but the result is something special Read it, if you suddenly fall under the hand bored just will not P.S!. Maybe someone znae as all the same Crimea attached? So was it all like Aksyonov wrote? .. Curiously, the right word

Directors notes and stage instructions for An Inspector Calls Essay Example

Directors notes and stage instructions for An Inspector Calls Essay Example Directors notes and stage instructions for An Inspector Calls Paper Directors notes and stage instructions for An Inspector Calls Paper Firstly, we have the Stage Instructions to consider. Throughout the play, there is no mention of Inspector Gooles physical appearance except in the first set of stage instructions when he enters the Birlings house. He is said to need not be a big man but he creates at once an impression of massiveness, solidity and purposefulness. As for his age, he is a man in his fifties, dressed in a plain darkish suit of the period. There is no mention of any distinctive features to define him so already, an air of mystery has been created about this so-called inspector. For me, his massiveness, solidity and purposefulness and his name Goole build up a feeling of fear and this first set of instructions lead me to believe that he could be in the form of a ghost returning to teach the Birlings a lesson about responsibility. An additional example of this, is when Inspector Goole is talking to Mr. and Mrs. Birling (and occasionally Gerald) Priestley has added in instructions so that Goole speaks to them savagely and severely, which indicates he has less patience and is not as forgiving with them as he is with the children, Eric and Sheila. I think this shows the possibility of Inspector Goole taking on the role of Priestley himself because the point of this drama is to portray a certain message. To be able to portray this message he has to make everyone accept their responsibilities which is more difficult with the older generation, therefore Goole begins to lose his patience with them. Another important issue is the way in which Priestley has structured the play. As Inspector Goole is questioning the members of the household, Priestley has made sure it is obvious that there is a certain order in which they must questioned. When Gerald asks to see the picture the inspector says, hold on, your time will come and one line of inquiry at a time This shows he has already planned out whom he will speak to first and last and what information he will have. Due to the fact he already knows that each of them holds a key to Eva Smiths death, it is likely he could be a time traveller travelling back in time to punish the Birlings and make them realize the consequences of their actions. The dialogue from the other characters also helps us to comprehend the role of Inspector Goole in An Inspector Calls. I especially think this is achieved by Mrs. Birlings views on Eva Smith towards the end of the play, she thinks of Miss Smith a an impertinent child and apparently. was giving herself ridiculous airs that were simply absurd for a child in her position. This signifies that Mrs. Birling does not think highly of the girl and bearing in mind the social and historical context of this play, written in 1946 and set in 1912,we know that there were very definite divisions between the upper, middle and working-class so Mrs. Birling obviously sees herself as superior to Eva, hence her uncaring manner. This leads me to believe that the inspector could just be a device to portray the view that all people deserve to be treated fairly and equally, regardless as to what social background they come from. The Inspectors actions are equally as important when trying to comprehend his function in the play. Throughout the play, the inspector constantly pauses and looks at his watch or looks at the clock as if keeping a very close eye on the time, he is also able to predict when Eric will return, he checks his watch as the front doors slams shut. Furthermore, when he is showing Mr. Birling a picture of Eva Smith, the others advance to see it but the Inspector interposes himself between them and the photo. Not only are these actions unusual for a police inspector due to the abruptness and rudeness, but they are odd because of Inspector Gooles limitless knowledge as to when and where people will be, what information they will possess, and his increasing hastiness towards the end of the play to leave the house. This designates the fact that the inspector could again be either a time-traveller come to teach the Birlings a lesson on selfishness and equality or Priestley himself portraying his message to the audience. I think this because out of the possibilities, in my opinion, these are the only two that could acquire, or already know such extensive knowledge about Eva Smith. A further way in which Priestley helps us to understand the Inspectors role in the play is through the Inspectors own speech. When he first arrives at the Birlings house and throughout the rest of the play, Inspector Goole keeps referring to and describing Eva Smiths death in a distasteful manner, swallowed a lot of strong disinfectant, she was in great agony her position now is that she lies with a burnt-out inside on a slab. I think this is to create an atmosphere of guilt for the Birlings in the hope that they might seriously consider what part they could have played in this tragedy. From these quotations, we gather that it is unlikely Inspector Goole is a real police inspector due to the gruesome repetition of how Eva Smith died and so, to me, this indicates that the Inspector could be a close relation of Evas returning to seek his revenge. The questioning techniques used by Inspector Goole are also very important to help us understand his function in the play. He asks his questions very rapidly and directly, Where did you meet? What happened then? Was she drunk too? But you took her home again? These questions are pushing the story along and lead the characters into a trap so that they subconsciously confess to the Inspectors implications and confirm what he already knows. Also, when the inspector is asked how he has acquired all this information and whether he has spoken to Eva Smith, he replies, she told me nothing, I never spoke to her, and this seems very odd considering he knows so much about her life. However, earlier on in the play, he says it was from reading Evas diary but it would have to have been in intricate detail. These two points give the impression that Inspector Goole maybe omnipotent, so personally, I think this shows that he could either be a time-traveller or Priestley himself trying to convey the message that our own actions may have an effect on those around us as well.

Cannibalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cannibalism - Essay Example Philibrick (2001) traces the history of cannibalism and relates it to how the sailors and fishermen actually used to slaughter their own mates in the face of what is called an absolute necessity. He presented a side of history of cannibalism which is based on slaughtering humans in order to fulfill the needs of other humans under extreme conditions. He justifies cannibalism mostly on the basis of the acute needs which have to be fulfilled in order to actually allow others to survive. Therefore, the sense of civility did prevail in those who actually attempted to consume the flesh of their fellow travelers. This historical account provides a different dimension of how cannibalism has been practiced out of necessity (Sandel, 2010). It is critical to understand that from a relativist approach it may be difficult to justify or even define cannibalism, as it draws the line between what an acceptable behavior actually is and what it is not. Cannibalism has colonial roots; European invaders used it as a tool to civilize those who were engaged in such horrifying practice. As such, cannibalism was also used as a reason to use violence and killing against those who were practicing it in the New World. This dimension of cannibalism can suggest some sort of historical distortion about this practice in order to validate brutal attempts of using violence against those communities which were involved in this practice (Salisbury, 2001). Cannibalism can also be an act of revenge and anger, which lead to this practice even to date; cannibalism has also been viewed from this perspective by different tribes in Amazon. Cannibalism has also a compassionate face; during funerals, it is a practice caused by compassion. This kind of argument is relatively different from that of what typical anthropological theory actually stated. Cannibalism can also be based on the overall worldviews of those who practice it; it

Legalizing the use of midicinal marijuana Essay

Legalizing the use of midicinal marijuana - Essay Example rlands, cannabis is openly tolerated and can be both purchased and consumed in one of several Amsterdam ‘coffee houses.’ Inexplicably, the city has not been thrown into anarchy which, evidently, is what the opponents of cannabis legalisation are afraid of. The evidence demonstrates that legalizing cannabis for medicinal in addition to general purposes would prove a benefit to society, evidence which is well-known throughout the scientific, political and public arena but this collective knowledge has yet to be acted upon. This discussion will examine the issue of legalisation drawing from European and American experiences. A report in The Economist expressly states concerns regarding a rising drug using and dependent population if these drugs should be made more available. While acknowledging that the price of drugs is artificially high due to the difficulties of circumventing the law, authors of this report indicate that it is precisely because of the high cost and difficulty to obtain that prevents more individuals from experimenting with them, thus becoming addicted, either physically or psychologically. Although these arguments can also be made for other substances that are currently legal, voters have argued that it is not necessary to bring in more potentially harmful substances into legal circulation at this time. To support the argument in favor of legalisation, authors pull in the theories of John Stuart Mill, who espoused that adult citizens should have the right to make their own choices regarding whether or not to participate in harmful activity as long as it does no harm to others, a theo ry that has been largely ignored in the decisions regarding alcohol and tobacco, but not cannabis. (â€Å"Case for Legalisation,† 2001) Eleven states allow the use of marijuana for medicinal use, Rhode Island the most recent joining California, Alaska, Hawaii, Colorado, Oregon, Nevada, Montana, Washington and, Vermont and Maine. However, laws enacted by